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Railway privatisation in Argentina was a process which began in 1993 under the presidency of Carlos Menem, following a series of neoliberal economic reforms. This primarily consisted of breaking-up the state-owned railway company Ferrocarriles Argentinos and allowing the former lines to be operated by private companies instead of the state. This policy was met with widespread criticism and proved catastrophic for the Argentine railways whose service worsened significantly in the years that followed, with entire lines closing and infrastructure deteriorating beyond repair.〔(El servicio ferroviario argentino de las últimas dos décadas, el antes y después de las privatizaciones ) - Monografias.com〕〔(Privatización de los ferrocarriles: “Ramal que para, ramal que cierra” ) - Contra Molinos de Sortilegios, 24 July 2013〕〔(COMO PERDIMOS EL FERROCARRIL ARGENTINO ) - Ancaloo, 29 September 2008〕 Privatisation was ultimately reversed in 2015 with the creation of Nuevos Ferrocarriles Argentinos.〔("Senado convirtió en ley estatización de trenes" ), ''Ambito Financiero'', 16 Apr 2015〕〔("Con sólo dos votos en contra, el Senado sancionó la ley de estatización de los trenes" ), Cronista.com, 16 Apr 2015〕 ==Overview== When Carlos Menem's administration took over the Government in 1989 FA had a serious economic deficit, with no investment projected and a high amount of social charges owed to the state. The amount of freight services had considerably decreased between 1970 and 1990, going from 13,500 million of tons to 7,500 millions twenty years after (almost a 55%). The infrastructure and rolling stock were seriously deteriorated, with the exception of central network. Most part of locomotives and coaches had become obsolete therefore the costs of mainteanance had also increased. The aim was to reduce FA's deficit previous to a major restructuring of the company. Since railway nationalisation in 1948, during the presidency of Juan Perón, the network had been operated by the state-owned company Ferrocarriles Argentinos (FA) which comprised the six relatively independent divisions, Sarmiento, Mitre, Urquiza, San Martín, Belgrano and Roca. With a chronic railway network's deficit increased to USD 355 million per year (about USD 1 million per day), the National Congress adopted Law 23,696 (named "Ley de Reforma del Estado") that began the privatisation process in 1989.〔(Ley 23.696 - Emergencia Administrativa. Privatizaciones y Participación del Capital Privado ) on Infoleg, promulgated 18 Ago 1989〕 That Law allowed president Menem to declare a state of emergency over any state-owned company with the objective to proceed to a privatisation or closure of that company. In November 1989, president Menem said his famous phrase "Railway line going into strike will be closed" ("Ramal que para, ramal que cierra" in Spanish),〔("Ramal que cierra, pueblo que muere" ), ''Clarín'', 25 May 1997〕 threatening strikers that opposed to the privatisations to turn around their defiance.〔("De la resistencia a la recuperación" ), ''Página/12'', 31 Mar 2014〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Railway privatisation in Argentina」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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